Xylitol: A Sugar Substitute with Severe Consequences
Xylitol is a sugar substitute extremely toxic to dogs, found in many sugar-free products like gum, candy, baked goods, and some peanut butters. When ingested by a dog, it causes a rapid and massive release of insulin, leading to a sudden, life-threatening drop in blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Even a very small amount can be dangerous. Symptoms can appear within 10-60 minutes and include vomiting, weakness, loss of coordination, collapse, and seizures. In higher doses, xylitol can cause acute liver failure, which may not be apparent for several days and is often fatal. The rapid onset and severity of xylitol poisoning make it a critical emergency. Immediate veterinary intervention is essential for survival. Treatment involves hospitalization for close blood sugar monitoring, intravenous dextrose to counteract hypoglycemia, and medications to protect the liver.