Onions and Garlic: Allium Species That Damage Red Blood Cells
Onions, garlic, chives, and leeks belong to the Allium family and contain compounds that are toxic to dogs. These compounds cause oxidative damage to red blood cells, leading to their destruction in a process called hemolysis. This results in hemolytic anemia, where the body can’t replace the destroyed red blood cells fast enough. All forms—raw, cooked, powdered, or dehydrated—are toxic, with garlic being about five times more potent than onions. Symptoms may be delayed for several days and include weakness, lethargy, pale gums, an elevated heart rate, and rapid breathing. Gastrointestinal upset like vomiting and diarrhea can also occur. In severe cases of anemia, a blood transfusion may be required. If you know your dog has ingested any of these plants, seek veterinary advice, as early intervention can help manage the effects and prevent severe complications.